John Africa founder of the movement embraced by Pam Africa (in striped blouse) on leaving Philadelphia Federal Court (July 22nd 1981) after being acquitted
© Prentice Cole / Philadelphia Daily News
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Chapter 1
The MOVE Organization surfaced in Philadelphia during the early 1970's. Characterized by dreadlock hair, the adopted surname "Africa," a principled unity, and an uncompromising commitment to their belief, members practiced the teachings of MOVE founder JOHN AFRICA.
Chapter 2
Throughout the 1970's, Frank Rizzo was the premier figure in Philadelphia government. He started as a street cop and rose through the ranks, eventually serving as Police Commissioner from 1967-71.
Chapter 3
On Tuesday, August 8th, hundreds of cops in flak jackets and riot helmets surrounded the 33rd Street location at dawn and ordered MOVE to surrender.
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
During the standoff in the summer of 1977, federal ATF agents had gotten Donald Glassey, a former MOVE associate, to implicate the organization in a bomb mak-ing and gun running scheme.
But when 10 indictments were handed down on September 1, 1977, only two actual MOVE members were named: Vincent and Alfonso Africa. It took federal agents over three years to find them. Meanwhile, Glassey was put in the federal witness protection program.
On May 13, 1981, the Feds arrested nine MOVE members in Rochester, New York. Vincent and Alfonso were extradited to Philadelphia for trial on the bomb making and weapons charges. New York state judge Andrew Celli warned Pennsylvania officials he might release the others based on their arguments that the fugitive warrants for them were illegal. Fearful of losing their quarry, Rendell's office then came up with extradition warrants signed by Governor Dick Thornburgh, and MOVE members were taken back to Philadelphia.
At legal proceedings of Sue, Carlos, Alberta, Dennis, Conrad, Raymond and Jerry Africa, the lack of validity of the original warrants was repeatedly disregarded. In Alberta's case, Judge Kendall Shoyer ordered her bound and gagged to keep her from raising the issue.
In July of 1981, Vincent Africa, also known as JOHN AFRICA, and Alfonso Africa conducted their own defense in a trial at the federal courthouse in Philadelphia. The case was called "JOHN AFRICA vs. THE SYSTEM." Unconcerned about the lies and distortions of the prosecutor's witnesses, Vincent slept through much of the case as cops, ATF agents, explosive experts and former MOVE associates testified. In an impassioned closing argument, his only formal remarks to the court, Vincent made no direct rebuttal to the government's evidence and testimony, but instead condemned the entire reformed world system and exposed the courts as mere tools of the industry that profits from poisoning the air, water and food nec-essary for all Life. The government was stunned when the jury declared Vincent and Alfonso innocent on all charges.
AUGUST 8, 1978
"Video / 11 min / NB" ©Temple University Philadelphia
According to the book "20 years on the Move"
Translation : Claude GUILLAUMAUD for "Just Justice"
Legends Photos : Béatrice KOULAKSSIS and Nadège ARNAULT
David JOYEUX (development)
and Jonathan LERE (webdesign)
Drowings of Move 9 : Tinted Justice Collective
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Thanks to Ramona Africa and the Move family